Interpolation for 3-D gridded data in meshgrid format
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Syntax
Vq = interp3(X,Y,Z,V,Xq,Yq,Zq)
Vq = interp3(V,Xq,Yq,Zq)
Vq = interp3(V)
Vq = interp3(V,k)
Vq = interp3(___,method)
Vq = interp3(___,method,extrapval)
Description
example
Vq = interp3(X,Y,Z,V,Xq,Yq,Zq)
returnsinterpolated values of a function of three variables at specific querypoints using linear interpolation. The results always pass throughthe original sampling of the function. X
, Y
,and Z
contain the coordinates of the sample points. V
containsthe corresponding function values at each sample point. Xq
, Yq
,and Zq
contain the coordinates of the query points.
Vq = interp3(V,Xq,Yq,Zq)
assumesa default grid of sample points. The default grid points cover theregion, X=1:n
, Y=1:m
, Z=1:p
,where [m,n,p] = size(V)
. Use this syntax when youwant to conserve memory and are not concerned about the absolutedistances between points.
Vq = interp3(V)
returnsthe interpolated values on a refined grid formed by dividing the intervalbetween sample values once in each dimension.
Vq = interp3(V,k)
returnsthe interpolated values on a refined grid formed by repeatedly halvingthe intervals k
times in each dimension. This resultsin 2^k-1
interpolated points between sample values.
example
Vq = interp3(___,method)
specifies an alternative interpolation method: 'linear'
, 'nearest'
, 'cubic'
, 'makima'
, or 'spline'
. The default method is 'linear'
.
example
Vq = interp3(___,method,extrapval)
alsospecifies extrapval
, a scalar value that is assignedto all queries that lie outside the domain of the sample points.
If you omit the extrapval
argument for queriesoutside the domain of the sample points, then based on the method
argument interp3
returnsone of the following:
The extrapolated values for the
'spline'
and'makima'
methodsNaN
values for other interpolation methods
Examples
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Interpolate Using Default Method
Open Live Script
Load the points and values of the flow function, sampled at 10 points in each dimension.
[X,Y,Z,V] = flow(10);
The flow
function returns the grid in the arrays, X
, Y
, Z
. The grid covers the region, , , , and the spacing is , , and .
Now, plot slices through the volume of the sample at: X=6
, X=9
, Y=2
, and Z=0
.
figureslice(X,Y,Z,V,[6 9],2,0);shading flat
Create a query grid with spacing of 0.25.
[Xq,Yq,Zq] = meshgrid(.1:.25:10,-3:.25:3,-3:.25:3);
Interpolate at the points in the query grid and plot the results using the same slice planes.
Vq = interp3(X,Y,Z,V,Xq,Yq,Zq);figureslice(Xq,Yq,Zq,Vq,[6 9],2,0);shading flat
Interpolate Using Cubic Method
Open Live Script
Load the points and values of the flow function, sampled at 10 points in each dimension.
[X,Y,Z,V] = flow(10);
The flow
function returns the grid in the arrays, X
, Y
, Z
. The grid covers the region, , , , and the spacing is , , and .
Plot slices through the volume of the sample at: X=6
, X=9
, Y=2
, and Z =0
.
figureslice(X,Y,Z,V,[6 9],2,0);shading flat
Create a query grid with spacing of 0.25.
[Xq,Yq,Zq] = meshgrid(.1:.25:10,-3:.25:3,-3:.25:3);
Interpolate at the points in the query grid using the 'cubic'
interpolation method. Then plot the results.
Vq = interp3(X,Y,Z,V,Xq,Yq,Zq,'cubic');figureslice(Xq,Yq,Zq,Vq,[6 9],2,0);shading flat
Evaluate Outside the Domain of X, Y, and Z
Open Live Script
Create the grid vectors, x
, y
, and z
. These vectors define the points associated with values in V
.
x = 1:100;y = (1:50)';z = 1:30;
Define the sample values to be a 50-by-100-by-30 random number array, V
. Use the rand
function to create the array.
rng('default')V = rand(50,100,30);
Evaluate V
at three points outside the domain of x
, y
, and z
. Specify extrapval = -1
.
xq = [0 0 0];yq = [0 0 51];zq = [0 101 102];vq = interp3(x,y,z,V,xq,yq,zq,'linear',-1)
vq = 1×3 -1 -1 -1
All three points evaluate to -1
because they are outside the domain of x
, y
, and z
.
Input Arguments
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X,Y,Z
— Sample grid points
arrays | vectors
Sample grid points, specified as real arrays or vectors. Thesample grid points must be unique.
If
X
,Y
, andZ
arearrays, then they contain the coordinates of a full grid (in meshgrid format).Use the meshgrid function tocreate theX
,Y
, andZ
arraystogether. These arrays must be the same size.If
X
,Y
, andZ
are vectors, then they are treated as a grid vectors. The values in these vectors must be strictly monotonic, either increasing or decreasing.
Example: [X,Y,Z] = meshgrid(1:30,-10:10,1:5)
Data Types: single
| double
V
— Sample values
array
Sample values, specified as a real or complex array. The sizerequirements for V
depend on the size of X
, Y
,and Z
:
If
X
,Y
, andZ
are arrays representing a full grid (inmeshgrid
format), then the size ofV
matches the size ofX
,Y
, orZ
.If
X
,Y
, andZ
aregrid vectors, thensize(V) = [length(Y) length(X) length(Z)]
.
If V
contains complex numbers, then interp3
interpolatesthe real and imaginary parts separately.
Example: rand(10,10,10)
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
Xq,Yq,Zq
— Query points
scalars | vectors | arrays
Query points, specified as a real scalars, vectors, or arrays.
If
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
arescalars, then they are the coordinates of a single query point in R3.If
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
arevectors of different orientations, thenXq
,Yq
,andZq
are treated as grid vectors in R3.If
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
arevectors of the same size and orientation, thenXq
,Yq
,andZq
are treated as scattered points in R3.If
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
arearrays of the same size, then they represent either a full grid ofquery points (inmeshgrid
format) or scatteredpoints in R3.
Example: [Xq,Yq,Zq] = meshgrid((1:0.1:10),(-5:0.1:0),3:5)
Data Types: single
| double
k
— Refinement factor
1
(default) | real, nonnegative, integer scalar
Refinement factor, specified as a real, nonnegative, integerscalar. This value specifies the number of times to repeatedly dividethe intervals of the refined grid in each dimension. This resultsin 2^k-1
interpolated points between sample values.
If k
is 0
, then Vq
isthe same as V
.
interp3(V,1)
is the same as interp3(V)
.
The following illustration depicts k=2
inone plane of R3.There are 72 interpolated values in red and 9 sample values in black.
Example: interp3(V,2)
Data Types: single
| double
method
— Interpolation method
'linear'
(default) | 'nearest'
| 'cubic'
| 'spline'
| 'makima'
Interpolation method, specified as one of the options in this table.
Method | Description | Continuity | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
'linear' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on linear interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. This is the default interpolation method. | C0 |
|
'nearest' | The interpolated value at a query point is the value at the nearest sample grid point. | Discontinuous |
|
'cubic' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic convolution. | C1 |
|
'makima' | Modified Akima cubic Hermite interpolation. The interpolated value at a query point is based on a piecewise function of polynomials with degree at most three evaluated using the values of neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The Akima formula is modified to avoid overshoots. | C1 |
|
'spline' | The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic spline using not-a-knot end conditions. | C2 |
|
extrapval
— Function value outside domain of X
, Y
, and Z
scalar
Function value outside domain of X
, Y
,and Z
, specified as a real or complex scalar. interp3
returnsthis constant value for all points outside the domain of X
, Y
,and Z
.
Example: 5
Example: 5+1i
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
Output Arguments
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Vq
— Interpolated values
scalar | vector | array
Interpolated values, returned as a real or complex scalar, vector,or array. The size and shape of Vq
depends on thesyntax you use and, in some cases, the size and value of the inputarguments.
Syntaxes | SpecialConditions | Size of Vq | Example |
---|---|---|---|
interp3(X,Y,Z,V,Xq,Yq,Zq) interp3(V,Xq,Yq,Zq) and variations of these syntaxes that include method or extrapval | Xq , Yq , and Zq arescalars. | Scalar | size(Vq) = [1 1] when you pass Xq , Yq ,and Zq as scalars. |
Same as above | Xq , Yq , and Zq arevectors of the same size and orientation. | Vector of same size and orientation as Xq , Yq ,and Zq | If size(Xq) = [100 1] , and size(Yq)= [100 1] , and size(Zq) = [1001] , then size(Vq) = [100 1] . |
Same as above | Xq , Yq , and Zq arevectors of mixed orientation. | size(Vq) = [length(Y) length(X) length(Z)] | If size(Xq) = [1 100] ,and size(Yq)= [50 1] , and size(Zq) = [1 5] ,then size(Vq) = [50 100 5] . |
Same as above | Xq , Yq , and Zq arearrays of the same size. | Array of the same size as Xq , Yq ,and Zq | If size(Xq) = [50 25] ,and size(Yq)= [50 25] , and size(Zq) = [50 25] , then size(Vq) = [50 25] . |
interp3(V,k) and variationsof this syntax that include method or extrapval | None | Array in which the length of the | If size(V) = [10 12 5] ,and k= 3 , then size(Vq) = [73 89 33] . |
More About
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Strictly Monotonic
A set of values that are always increasingor decreasing, without reversals. For example, the sequence, a= [2 4 6 8]
is strictly monotonic and increasing. The sequence, b= [2 4 4 6 8]
is not strictly monotonic because there isno change in value between b(2)
and b(3)
.The sequence, c = [2 4 6 8 6]
contains a reversalbetween c(4)
and c(5)
, so itis not monotonic at all.
Full Grid (in meshgrid Format)
For interp3
, a full gridconsists of three arrays whose elements represent a grid of pointsthat define a region in R3.The first array contains the x-coordinates, thesecond array contains the y-coordinates, and thethird array contains the z-coordinates. The valuesin each array vary along a single dimension and are constant alongthe other dimensions.
The values in the x-array are strictly monotonic,increasing, and vary along the second dimension. The values in the y-arrayare strictly monotonic, increasing, and vary along the first dimension.The values in the z-array are strictly monotonic,increasing, and vary along the third dimension. Use the meshgrid function to create a full gridthat you can pass to interp3
.
Grid Vectors
For interp3
, grid vectorsconsist of three vectors of mixed-orientation that define the pointson a grid in R3.
For example, the following code creates the grid vectors forthe region, 1 ≤ x ≤ 3, 4 ≤ y ≤5, and 6 ≤ z ≤ 8:
x = 1:3;y = (4:5)';z = 6:8;
Scattered Points
For interp3
, scatteredpoints consist of three arrays or vectors, Xq
, Yq
,and Zq
, that define a collection of points scatteredin R3.The ith array contains the coordinates in the ith dimension.
For example, the following code specifies the points, (1, 19,10), (6, 40, 1), (15, 33, 22), and (0, 61, 13).
Xq = [1 6; 15 0];Yq = [19 40; 33 61];Zq = [10 1; 22 13];
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Usage notes and limitations:
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
mustbe the same size. Usemeshgrid
to evaluate ona grid.For best results, provide
X
,Y
, andZ
as vectors. The values in these vectors must be strictly monotonic and increasing.Code generation does not support the
'makima'
interpolation method.For the
'cubic'
interpolation method, if the grid does not have uniform spacing, an error results. In this case, use the'spline'
interpolation method.For best results when you use the
'spline'
interpolation method:Use
meshgrid
to create the inputsXq
,Yq
, andZq
.Use a small number of interpolation points relative to the dimensions of
V
. Interpolating over a large set of scattered points can be inefficient.
Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool
or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool
.
This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.
GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
Usage notes and limitations:
V
must be a double or single 3-D array.V
can be real or complex.X
,Y
, andZ
must:Have the same type (double or single).
Be finite vectors or 3-D arrays with increasing and nonrepeating elements in corresponding dimensions.
Align with Cartesian axes when
X
,Y
, andZ
are 3-D arrays (as if they were produced bymeshgrid
).Have dimensions consistent with
V
.
Xq
,Yq
, andZq
must be vectors or arrays of the same type (double or single). IfXq
,Yq
, andZq
are arrays, then they must have the same size. If they are vectors with different lengths, then one of them must have a different orientation.method
must be'linear'
or'nearest'
.The extrapolation for the out-of-boundary input is not supported.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
This function fully supports distributed arrays. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions with Distributed Arrays (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Version History
Introduced before R2006a
See Also
interp1 | interp2 | interpn | meshgrid
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